Please give me a thanks! The two types of changes that national boundaries experience on a regular basis include small changes and drastic changes. A small change may be something as simple as a river shifting direction and moving over 50 feet. This would be a small change in a nation-state's boundary
a. In the prisoners' dilemma game self-interest leads each prisoner to confess. to a breakdown of any agreement that the prisoners might have made before being questioned to an outcome that is not particularly good for either prisoner.
What is prisoners' dilemma game?
The prisoner's dilemma is a common illustration of a game explored in game theory that demonstrates why two logical people could disagree even though it seems to be in their best interests to collaborate.
The possible outcomes:
- If A and B each betray the other, each of them serves two years in prison
- If A betrays B but B remains silent, A will be set free and B will serve three years in prison
- If A remains silent but B betrays A, A will serve three years in prison and B will be set free
- If A and B both remain silent, both of them will serve one year in prison (on the lesser charge).
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The typical inmate in prison in the United States is male, from a minority group, is a drug addict or mentally ill, poor and probably had a difficult/abusive upbringing or comes from a dysfunctional family background.
<em>Male inmates</em> make up 90% of the total jail population, but the female jail population has grown at a faster pace then the male in the recent years. African Americans are the largest ethnic group in jails, followed by Whites, Hispanics and other races.
Over the half of jail inmates await court action on their current charges, the rest is serving their sentence.The percentage of inmates in private jails is small, about 2,3 % but nevertheless growing all the time.
Almost 10,000 inmates a year are under eighteen , 90% of them convicted.
Hello, the answer that best fits this sounds like “Conditioned Response”. The stimulus would be the fireworks, and the conditioned response or learned response would be the child covering her ears. She’s learned how loud they sound and in response to that she’s aware of when they are about to put and covers her ears. Hope this helped.
People are exposed to natural radiation sources as well as human-made sources on a daily basis. Natural radiation comes from many sources including more than 60 naturally-occurring radioactive materials found in soil, water and air. Radon, a naturally-occurring gas, emanates from rock and soil and is the main source of natural radiation. Every day, people inhale and ingest radionuclides from air, food and water.
People are also exposed to natural radiation from cosmic rays, particularly at high altitude. On average, 80% of the annual dose of background radiation that a person receives is due to naturally occurring terrestrial and cosmic radiation sources. Background radiation levels vary geographically due to geological differences. Exposure in certain areas can be more than 200 times higher than the global average.
Human exposure to radiation also comes from human-made sources ranging from nuclear power generation to medical uses of radiation for diagnosis or treatment. Today, the most common human-made sources of ionizing radiation are medical devices, including X-ray machines.
Exposure to ionizing radiation
Radiation exposure may be internal or external, and can be acquired through various exposure pathways.
Internal exposure to ionizing radiation occurs when a radionuclide is inhaled, ingested or otherwise enters into the bloodstream (for example, by injection or through wounds). Internal exposure stops when the radionuclide is eliminated from the body, either spontaneously (such as through excreta) or as a result of a treatment.
External exposure may occur when airborne radioactive material (such as dust, liquid, or aerosols) is deposited on skin or clothes. This type of radioactive material can often be removed from the body by simply washing.
Exposure to ionizing radiation can also result from irradiation from an external source, such as medical radiation exposure from X-rays. External irradiation stops when the radiation source is shielded or when the person moves outside the radiation field.
People can be exposed to ionizing radiation under different circumstances, at home or in public places (public exposures), at their workplaces (occupational exposures), or in a medical setting (as are patients, caregivers, and volunteers).
Exposure to ionizing radiation can be classified into 3 exposure situations. The first, planned exposure situations, result from the deliberate introduction and operation of radiation sources with specific purposes, as is the case with the medical use of radiation for diagnosis or treatment of patients, or the use of radiation in industry or research. The second type of situation, existing exposures, is where exposure to radiation already exists, and a decision on control must be taken – for example, exposure to radon in homes or workplaces or exposure to natural background radiation from the environment. The last type, emergency exposure situations, result from unexpected events requiring prompt response such as nuclear accidents or malicious acts.
Medical use of radiation accounts for 98 % of the population dose contribution from all artificial sources, and represents 20% of the total population exposure. Annually worldwide, more than 3600 million diagnostic radiology examinations are performed, 37 million nuclear medicine procedures are carried out, and 7.5 million radiotherapy treatments are given.
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