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SashulF [63]
3 years ago
14

Explain:(a) Ethanol should be rectified after distillation.​

Chemistry
1 answer:
Maksim231197 [3]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Ethanol (boiling point 78°C) and methanol (boiling point 65°C) are two miscible liquids. There is only a small difference in their boiling points. These two liquids are separated from their mixture by fractional ths distillation.

When vapours of the mixture pass through the fractionating column, repeated liquefaction and vapourisation take place. Subsequently, the vapours of low boiling methanol enter the condenser from the fractionating column, condense to liquid and get collected in the round bottomed flask first. Similarly, ethanol with higher boiling point can be collected later in another round bottomed flask.

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Answer:

Increase D  ⇒ rightward shift

Increase E  ⇒ rightward shift

Increase F  ⇒ leftward shift

Decrease D  ⇒ leftward shift

Decrease E  ⇒ leftward shift

Decrease F ⇒ rightward shift

Triple D and reduce E to one third  ⇒ no shift

Triple both E and F ⇒ no shift

Explanation:

Changes in the concentrations of reactants y products affect to the equilibrium. In this case, D and E are reactants and F is the product.

When a change in the factors affecting equilibrium occur, the system will react in order to counteract the change imposed.

  • If a increase of reactant occur, the system will tend to produce more products (<em>rightward shift</em>). For example: increase D, increase E. In contraposition, if a decrease of reactant occur, the system will produce more reactants (<em>leftward shift</em>). For example: decrease D, decrease E.
  • If a increase of product occur, the system will tend to produce more reactants (<em>leftward shift</em>). For example: increase F. In contraposition, if a decrease of product occur, the system will produce more products (<em>rightward shift</em>). For example: decrease F.
  • If we change both reactants and products concentration in the same amount, the net change is zero, so there is <em>not shift</em>. For example: Triple D and reduce E to one third (D x 3 and E/3, there is not change in the total amount of reactants) ; Triple both E and F (E x 3 and F x 3, the net change is zero).
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