Answer: a. 1101 b. 10000 or 101010 c. 100100100 d. 1100 e. 111101 f. 1111000 g. 11101 h. 101100 1000011 1100010
 
        
             
        
        
        
Hardware is the answer.
Software is not really tangible
Operating system is software
Input is not truly 'physical'
        
             
        
        
        
The <u>OSI model</u> describes how data actually moves from an application on one computer to an application on another networked computer.
<h3>What is the OSI model?</h3>
OSI model is an acronym for open systems interconnection and it comprises seven (7) main layers, which typically starts from the hardware layers (layers in hardware systems) to the software layers (layers in software systems)
<h3>The layers of the OSI model.</h3>
Basically, there are seven (7) layers in the open systems interconnection (OSI) model and these include the following in sequential order;
In this context, we can infer and logically deduce that the <u>OSI model</u> is typically used to describe and illustrate how data moves from a software application on one computer to a software application located on another networked computer.
Read more on OSI model here: brainly.com/question/26177113
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Answer:
A PC such as a notebook computer.The evil twin gets the encrypted frame from the affected host,A VPN  encrypts a  frame with its own VPN key.
Explanation:
The evil twin after initial association when the victim client will establish a secure wireless connection with the victim client. The connection uses a key client-EF for encryption such that when the host transmits an encrypted frame it is transmitted to the evil twin. A VPN is an encrypted virtual private network used to access networks that are not trusted. The client encrypts a frame with a VPN key (Key Client-Server) which it shares with the server. The frame is further encrypted by the key it shares with the evil twin (Victim Client-ET) The evil twin will then receive a double encrypted frame. However, it will only be able to decrypt the Victim Client-ET key but not the VPN key hence it will not be able to read the message sent through the frame.