Because the framers of the United States Constitution (written in 1787) believed that protecting property rights relating to inventions would encourage the new nation’s economic growth, they gave Congress—the national legislature—a constitutional mandate to grant patents for inventions. The resulting patent system has served as a model for those in other nations. Recently, however, scholars have questioned whether the American system helped achieve the framers’ goals. These scholars have contended that from 1794 to roughly 1830, American inventors were unable to enforce property rights because judges were “anticipate” and routinely invalidated patents for arbitrary reasons. This argument is based partly on examination of court decisions in cases where patent holders (“patentees”) brought suit alleging infringement of their patent rights. In the 1820s, for instance, 75 percent of verdicts were decided against the patentee. The proportion of verdicts for the patentee began to increase in the 1830s, suggesting to these scholars that judicial attitudes toward patent rights began shifting then.
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1. act or conduct
2.compliance with the definitional elements of the crime
3. unlawfulness
Answer:
C.Population
Explanation:
The house of rep is based on the pop. in each state
Answer:
Yes, if California court have a long-arm statute.
Explanation:
In the context, Shirley Jones who is an entertainer files a lawsuit against a news agency, named the National Enquirer Inc. for invasion of privacy, defamation and infliction of emotional distress in the court of California.
The National Enquirer Inc. has its main business place at Florida while Shirley Jones is a resident of California. But The National Enquirer circulates about 600,000 copies of its national weekly in California.
Now, according to the Supreme Court, if a court has a long-arm statute, which refers to the jurisdiction of a court over a non resident or an defendant of an out-of-state corporation. Any state are allowed to perform this jurisdiction, if the government or the state can proved or show that the defendant have some at least minimum connection with the forum state.
If a bank assumes ownership of a piece of contaminated land, the bank becomes a responsible party
.
Option c
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Explanation:
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According to the banking norms for getting loan a property has to be attached as a collateral security and agreement of repaying entered between the bank and loanee.
In case of defaulting of loan it is the prerogative of the bank to sell or withheld the property.
So, to recover the loan, bank has the right to sell the attached property which is attached as collateral security even if it is contaminated land. The sole aim of the bank is to recover the loan in case of repayment in which loanee is referred as defaulter.
