Answer:
The correct option is;
a. Any process in which the entropy of the universe increases will be product-favored
Explanation:
According to the second law of thermodynamics, the change in entropy of a closed system with time is always positive. That is the entropy of the entire universe, considered as an isolated system, always increases with time, hence the entropy change in the universe will always be positive.

Therefore, any process in which the entropy of the universe increases will be product favored.
Answer:
a)11.25 J
b)Number of revolution = 1
Explanation:
Given that
Radius ,r= 0.8 m
m= 0.3 kg
Initial speed ,u= 10 m/s
final speed ,v= 5 m/s
a)
Initial energy


KEi= 15 J
Final kinetic energy


KEf=3.75 J
The energy transformed from mechanical to internal = 15 - 3.75 J = 11.25 J
b)
The minimum value to complete the circular arc

Now by putting the values

V= 2.82 m/s
So kinetic energy KE


KE=1.19 J
ΔKE= KEi - KE
ΔKE= 15- 1.19 J
ΔKE=13.80 J
The minimum energy required to complete 2 revolutions = 2 x 11.25 J
= 22.5 J
Here 22.5 J is greater than 13.8 J.So the particle will complete only one revolution.
Number of revolution = 1
Answer:
Induced emf, 
Explanation:
The varying magnetic field with time t is given by according to equation as :

Where
are constant
Let
is the emf induced in the loop as a function of time. We know that the rate of change of magnetic flux is equal to the induced emf as:





So, the induced emf in the loop as a function of time is
. Hence, this is the required solution.