The atmosphere transfers heat energy and moisture across the Earth. Incoming solar radiation (insolation) is redistributed from areas in which there is a surplus of heat (the equator) to areas where there is a heat deficit (the North and South Pole). This is achieved through a series of atmospheric cells: the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell and the Polar cell (Figure 2). These operate in a similar way to, and indeed interact with, the ocean conveyor.
For example, as the oceans at low latitudes are heated, water evaporates and is transported poleward as water vapour. This warm air eventually cools and subsides. Changes in temperature and CO2 concentrations can lead to: changes in the size of atmospheric cells (in particular, the Hadley cell is susceptible to these alterations); warming in the troposphere; and disproportionately strong warming in Arctic regions. The strong interactions between ocean and atmospheric dynamics, and the significant feedback mechanisms between them, mean that climate researchers must consider these Earth components as interlinked systems. The necessity to assess ocean-atmospheric changes at the global scale has implications for the way in which research is conducted. It is only by integrating palaeo evidence of past changes, with present day monitoring, and projected models,
Answer:
The correct answer is B.
Explanation:
Option A is wrong. Mammals were not the prominent species before the extinction of dinosaurs because the mammal species that lived during the dinosaurs' era were so small that they only weighed several grams and occupied small areas as their habitats.
Option C is wrong. As dinosaurs became extinct, reptiles and "birds" remained as their descendant which evolved to some of the species that we know today.
Option D is wrong. Pangea started to break up to form the geographic isolation for the diversion of many species around 175 million years ago.
So the correct answer is B. Massive extinction disrupts and changes the food chain in such a big way that it triggers a domino effect that leads to species adapting to their new environment and diversifying thus forming new species in the process.
I hope this answer helps.
They are formed by natural processes like anærobic decomposition. They contain energy from ancient photosynthesis. They can literally be around 650 million years old.
Answer:
Option 2.
Explanation:
The fossil proof for the human-chimpanzee last common ancestor (LCA) is rare and scarce due to: These apes lived in an environment of tight or narrow range that was not preserved well in the fossil record.
Fossil monkeys and prosimians were rare in the Miocene, however, apps were normal and dominant. Option 1 is inaccurate.
The majority of the apps known from the mid-Miocene are Old World monkeys, who are from an unexpected Linnaean family in comparison to we are is an incorrect statement so it is inaccurate.
The LCA lived in the Paleocene, a time from which we have got a number of the fossil record. so Option 3 is incorrect
Thus, the correct answer is - These apes lived in an environment of tight or narrow range that was not preserved well in the fossil record.
