Explanation:
The electrical force between two objects is given by the formula as follows :
k is electrostatic constant
q₁ and q₂ are electric charges
d is distance between charges
So, the two force between two charged objects depends on the product of charges and distance between charges.
At the constant temperatures the lighter the gas molecules, the faster the average velocity of the gas molecules.
Answer:
The order would be: X-Rays, Visible Light, and Infrared Waves.
X-Rays have the shortest wavelength out of all three, then Visible Light, and Infrared Waves have the longest wavelength of the three.
Explanation:
So basically, the LONGER the wavelength, the lower the energy. and the SHORTER the wavelength, the higher the energy. For example, Radio waves are the WEAKEST out of all the types of waves because they have the LONGEST wavelengths. Gamma Rays are the STRONGEST out of all the types of waves because they have the SHORTEST wavelengths. So Radio Waves have the lowest energy, and Gamma Rays have the highest energy.
Here is a list of all the types of waves in order from shortest wavelength to longest wavelengths:
Gamma Rays (Shortest Wavelengths, High Energy), then X-Rays would be the second strongest, then Ultraviolet waves, then Visible Light, then Infrared waves, then Microwaves, and lastly Radio Waves (Longest Wavelengths, Low Energy).
Answer:
A. ΔG° = 132.5 kJ
B. ΔG° = 13.69 kJ
C. ΔG° = -58.59 kJ
Explanation:
Let's consider the following reaction.
CaCO₃(s) → CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
We can calculate the standard enthalpy of the reaction (ΔH°) using the following expression.
ΔH° = ∑np . ΔH°f(p) - ∑nr . ΔH°f(r)
where,
n: moles
ΔH°f: standard enthalpy of formation
ΔH° = 1 mol × ΔH°f(CaO(s)) + 1 mol × ΔH°f(CO₂(g)) - 1 mol × ΔH°f(CaCO₃(s))
ΔH° = 1 mol × (-635.1 kJ/mol) + 1 mol × (-393.5 kJ/mol) - 1 mol × (-1206.9 kJ/mol)
ΔH° = 178.3 kJ
We can calculate the standard entropy of the reaction (ΔS°) using the following expression.
ΔS° = ∑np . S°p - ∑nr . S°r
where,
S: standard entropy
ΔS° = 1 mol × S°(CaO(s)) + 1 mol × S°(CO₂(g)) - 1 mol × S°(CaCO₃(s))
ΔS° = 1 mol × (39.75 J/K.mol) + 1 mol × (213.74 J/K.mol) - 1 mol × (92.9 J/K.mol)
ΔS° = 160.6 J/K. = 0.1606 kJ/K.
We can calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction (ΔG°) using the following expression.
ΔG° = ΔH° - T.ΔS°
where,
T: absolute temperature
<h3>A. 285 K</h3>
ΔG° = ΔH° - T.ΔS°
ΔG° = 178.3 kJ - 285K × 0.1606 kJ/K = 132.5 kJ
<h3>B. 1025 K</h3>
ΔG° = ΔH° - T.ΔS°
ΔG° = 178.3 kJ - 1025K × 0.1606 kJ/K = 13.69 kJ
<h3>C. 1475 K</h3>
ΔG° = ΔH° - T.ΔS°
ΔG° = 178.3 kJ - 1475K × 0.1606 kJ/K = -58.59 kJ
Answer:
0.00001= 1 x 10^-5. Since HCl is an acid, 1 x10^-5 is the H+ concentration. Write only the number of the exponent. Therefore, pH = 5.
