There would be 55.8 g present
(3 grams of carbon) x (1 mole of carbon/12 grams ) =3/12 = 1/4 of a mole of carbon. Then... ( 1/4 of a mole) x (6.02 x 10^23 atoms/mole) = approximately 1.5 x 10^23 atoms.
I say both equinox because winter solstice has the least amount of sunlight and the summer solstice has the most ampunt of daylight so i said both equinox
The mass number is reduced by 4 and the atomic number decreases by 2 (because the atom loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons)