For the first one it is x=1 the second one X=8
For a parallelogram, the parallel sides must be the same length. This means you can set their lengths equal to each other. Get like terms on the same side to calculate x.
3x-5=2x+3
3x-5+5=2x+3+5
3x=2x+8
3x-2x=2x-2x+8
x=8
x=8
If there are ten black pens, eight blue pens, and twenty pens in total, then there are 2 red pens. This means that the ratio of red to black is 2:10=1:5. Hope this helps!