<span>Let's consider a scenario in which the resting membrane potential changes from −70 mV to +70 mV, but the concentrations of all ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluids are unchanged. Predict how this change in membrane potential affects the movement of Na+. The electrical gradient for Na+ would tend to move Na+ Outside the cell (extracellular) while the chemical gradient for Na+ would tend to move Na+ Inside the cell (intracellular).
The electrical gradient is defined as the + goes to the - and the - goes to the +
Na + has a positive charge, but there's more positive charge inside the cell than outside (due to potassium), therefore, Na+ goes extracellular (out)
The concentration gradient considers that the ion will go from the most concentrated to at least concentrated by passive diffusion so no trans-membrane proteins in the game attention.Na + is very concentrated in extracellular and few intracellular, therefore, it tends to go intracellular (in).</span>
During telophase in mitosis or meiosis II, where chromosomes which were previously distinct and condensed, de-condense and spread out into a tangle of chromatin. At the same time, the nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes in each of the daughter cells, and spindle fibres disintegrate.
Chromosomes are unlikely to de-condense and spread out into a tangle of chromatin during telophase I (i.e. Telophase of Meiosis I), since Meiosis is still ongoing, and the genetic material should be in its condensed form during Meiosis II as well.
Hope this helps! :)
The correct answer is small hydrophobic molecules.
The smaller the molecule and the more hydrophobic, or nonpolar, it is, the more rapidly it will diffuse across a membrane. It is because of the composition of membrane (lipid bilayer). By contrast, membrane is highly impermeable to charged molecules (ions), no matter how small they are.
