The after-tax equilibrium quantity of cigarettes smoked will equal the socially optimal quantity of cigarettes smoked. The correct option is C.
<h3>What is the externality of smoking?</h3>
The externalities of smoking refers to the costs imposed by smoking on people other than smokers themselves, in particular through the health effects of passive smoking and the effects of smoking on health care costs and productivity.
Therefore, The after-tax equilibrium quantity of cigarettes smoked will equal the socially optimal quantity of cigarettes smoked. The correct option is C.
Learn more about externality of smoking:
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Answer:
option (C) - 6.11%
Explanation:
Data provided :
Coupon rate one year ago = 6.5% = 0.065
Semiannual coupon rate = 
= 0.0325
Face value = $1,000
Present market yield = 7.2% = 0.072
Semiannual Present market yield, r = 
= 0.036
Now,
With semiannual coupon rate bond price one year ago, C
= 0.0325 × $1,000
= $32.5
Total period in 15 years = 15 year - 1 year = 14 year
or
n = 14 × 2 = 28 semiannual periods
Therefore,
The present value = ![C\times[\frac{(1-(1+r)^{-n})}{r}]+FV(1+r)^{-n}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=C%5Ctimes%5B%5Cfrac%7B%281-%281%2Br%29%5E%7B-n%7D%29%7D%7Br%7D%5D%2BFV%281%2Br%29%5E%7B-n%7D)
= ![\$32.5\times[\frac{(1-(1+0.036)^{-28})}{0.036}]+\$1,000\times(1+0.036)^{-28}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5C%2432.5%5Ctimes%5B%5Cfrac%7B%281-%281%2B0.036%29%5E%7B-28%7D%29%7D%7B0.036%7D%5D%2B%5C%241%2C000%5Ctimes%281%2B0.036%29%5E%7B-28%7D)
or
= $32.5 × 17.4591 + $1,000 × 0.37147
= $567.42 + $371.47
= $938.89
Hence,
The percent change in bond price = 
= 
= - 6.11%
therefore,
the correct answer is option (C) - 6.11%
Answer:
Hurdle rate of return.
Explanation:
A hurdle rate can be regarded as minimum rate of return that is been required by an investor or manager
on a particular project or investment.
The hurdle rate gives the description of the appropriate compensation as regards level of risk present. There are
higher hurdle rates associated with riskier projects.
It should be noted that A minimum acceptable rate of return for an investment decision is called the Hurdle rate of return.
