Answer:
A. Type I is part of innate, nonspecific immunity, while type II is part of adaptive, specific immunity.
Explanation:
Type I interferons: Are produced early on during infection and are responsible for activation of the innate immune response, e.g Natural Killer cells.
Type II interferons: Are produced as part of the innate immune response and act as a link between innate immune response and activation of the adaptive immune response.
the second one. Only clones are identical.
Answer:
Venous return (VR) is the flow of blood back to the heart.
Venous return to the right atrium is the most important factor determining cardiac output, provided both ventricles and the pulmonary circulation are normal.
Explanation:
Venous return refers to the flow of blood from the periphery back to the right atrium, and except for periods of a few seconds, it is equal to cardiac output.
Venous return is facilitated by a number of factors, including inspiration, increased total blood volume, increased venomotor tone, the cardiac suction effect, the presence of venous valves and the skeletal muscle pump.
Contraction of the skeletal muscles surrounding veins increases the pressure within the veins, pushing open the proximal valve and forcing blood toward the heart. For example, when calf muscles contract during exercise, blood is forced toward the heart, thus increasing venous return.
Learn more about venous force here:-
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The mitochondrion would be affected the most, this scenario is actually called cellular fatige. hope this helps :)
Eubacteria are considered prokaryotic
all prokaryotic cells are unicellular, has a cell wall and lack both a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
