1) the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority,
2) when state constitutions or laws passed by state legislatures or the national Congress are found to conflict with the federal Constitution, they have no force.
3) Yes, all treaties are the “supreme law of the land”
4) The congress can shut down the government.
A) using an earlier case as a guide.
Answer and Explanation:
The Supreme Court in Worcester v. Georgia analyzed that the Cherokee Nation was considered a separate political entity that could not be run by the state. Georgia's license law was illegitimate, and Worcester's conviction should be overturned. Dating back of early colonial America, the Native American communities were conceived of as "separate nations,” the Court first pointed to evidence. The Court then claimed that today's "treaties and laws of the United States [also] contemplate the Indian territory separated from that of the states, and provide that all intercourse with them shall be carried on exclusively by the government of the union."
That is why the United States can negotiate the terms of Indian lands and the use of thence. States were shortfalls of constitutional power to deal with such "nations" at all. Thus, Georgia could not pass the license law. Moreover, it also could not convict Worcester for violation of the law.
