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Vinvika [58]
3 years ago
12

Nitrates are groundwater contaminants derived from fertilizer, septic tank seepage and other sewage. Nitrate poisoning is partic

ularly hazardous to infants under the age of 6 months. The maximum contaminant level (MCL) is the highest level of a contaminant the government allows in drinking water. For nitrates, the MCL is 10mg/L. The health department wants to know what proportion of wells in Madison Count that have nitrate levels above the MCL. A worker has been assigned to take a simple random sample of wells in the county, measure the nitrate levels, and assess compliance. What sample size should the health department obtain if the estimate is desired to be within 2% with 95% confidence if: (hint: there are two different methods)There is no prior information available?
A study conducted two years ago showed that approximately 7% of the wells in Madison County had nitrate levels exceeding the MCL?
Mathematics
1 answer:
o-na [289]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

a) n=\frac{0.5(1-0.5)}{(\frac{0.02}{1.96})^2}=2401  

And rounded up we have that n=2401

b) n=\frac{0.07(1-0.07)}{(\frac{0.02}{1.96})^2}=625.22  

And rounded up we have that n=626

And we see that if we have previous info about p the sample size varies a lot.

Step-by-step explanation:

Previous concepts

A confidence interval is "a range of values that’s likely to include a population value with a certain degree of confidence. It is often expressed a % whereby a population means lies between an upper and lower interval".  

The margin of error is the range of values below and above the sample statistic in a confidence interval.  

Normal distribution, is a "probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean".  

Solution to the problem

In order to find the critical value we need to take in count that we are finding the interval for a proportion, so on this case we need to use the z distribution. Since our interval is at 95% of confidence, our significance level would be given by \alpha=1-0.95=0.05 and \alpha/2 =0.025. And the critical value would be given by:

z_{\alpha/2}=-1.96, z_{1-\alpha/2}=1.96

Part a

The margin of error for the proportion interval is given by this formula:  

ME=z_{\alpha/2}\sqrt{\frac{\hat p (1-\hat p)}{n}}    (a)  

And on this case we have that ME =\pm 0.02 and we are interested in order to find the value of n, if we solve n from equation (a) we got:  

n=\frac{\hat p (1-\hat p)}{(\frac{ME}{z})^2}   (b)  

Since we don't have prior information about the population proportion we can use ase estimator \hat p =0.5. And replacing into equation (b) the values from part a we got:

n=\frac{0.5(1-0.5)}{(\frac{0.02}{1.96})^2}=2401  

And rounded up we have that n=2401

Part b

For thi case the estimator for p is \hat p =0.07

n=\frac{0.07(1-0.07)}{(\frac{0.02}{1.96})^2}=625.22  

And rounded up we have that n=626

And we see that if we have previous info about p the sample size varies a lot.

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Do oddsmakers believe that teams who play at home will have home field advantage? Specifically, do oddsmakers give higher point
anygoal [31]

Complete question is;

Do oddsmakers believe that teams who play at home will have home field advantage? Specifically, do oddsmakers give higher point spreads when the favored team plays home games as compared to when the favored team plays away games?

Two samples were randomly selected from three complete National Football League seasons (1989, 1990, and 1991). The first sample consisted of 50 games, where the favored team played in a home game, while the second sample consisted of 50 games, where the favored team played in an away game. The oddsmakers’ point spreads (which are the number of points by which the favored team is predicted to beat the weaker team) were then collected.

If µ1 and µ2 represent the mean point spread for home games and away games, respectively, which of the following is the appropriate.

A) H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0

Ha: μ1 - μ2 < 0

B) H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0

Ha: μ1 < μ2

C) H0: μ1 - μ2 > 0

Ha: μ1 - μ2 = 0

D) H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0

Ha: μ1 - μ2 > 0

E) None of the above

Answer:

D) H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0

Ha: μ1 - μ2 > 0

Step-by-step explanation:

We want to find out if oddsmakers give higher point spreads when the favored team plays home games as compared to when the favored team plays away games.

Now, since µ1 and µ2 represent the mean point spread for home games and away games, respectively;

It means we want to find out if µ1 > µ2 as the alternative hypothesis.

Thus, alternative hypothesis is;

Ha: µ1 - µ2 > 0

Meanwhile null hypothesis assumes that equal point spreads are given when the favored team plays home games as well as when the favored team plays away games.

Thus, null hypothesis is;

H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0

The only correct option is D.

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