Answer : Option A) a tiny fragment or piece of matter particle.
Explanation : Atom are the tiny particles of a matter including particles; <span>The definition of an atom can be stated as the smallest component of any element, which can be characterized by sharing of the chemical properties of the element and a nucleus with neutrons, protons and electrons. </span>
Answer:
C). 373 Kelvin, 100 degrees Celsius, 212 degrees Fahrenheit
Explanation:
Kelvin and Celsius are related using the equation K = C + 273.
Celsius and Fahrenheit are related using the equation F = (9/5) * C + 32.
This means that Kelvin and Celsius have to differ by 273, in which only B and C fit that description.
Then you can look at the Celsius and Fahrenheit readings from B and C and apply the equation F = (9/5) * C + 32. For B, you take 0 degrees Celsius and substitute it in for C to get F = (9/5) * 0 + 32, in which you get 32 degrees Fahrenheit and <em>not </em>the 212 degrees in answer B. For C, you do the same: F = (9/5) * 100 degrees Celsius + 32 = 212 degrees Fahrenheit, which does agree with the answer. Therefore, it must only be C.
Valence electrons is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed. In a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.
The presence of valence electrons can determine the elements chemical properties, such as its valence—whether it may bond with other elements and, if so, how readily and with how many. In this way, a given element's reactivity is highly dependent upon its electronic configuration. For a main group element, a valence electron can exist only in the outermost electron shell; in a transition metal, a valence electron can also be in an inner shell.
An atom with a closed shell of valence electrons (corresponding to an electron configuration s2p6 for main group elements) tends to be chemically inert. Atoms with one or two valence electrons more than a closed shell are highly reactive due to the relatively low energy to remove the extra valence electrons to form a positive ion. An atom with one or two electrons less than a closed shell is reactive due to its tendency either to gain the missing valence electrons and form a negative ion, or else to share valence electrons and form a covalent bond.
Similar to a core electron, a valence electron has the ability to absorb or release energy in the form of a photon. An energy gain can trigger the electron to move (jump) to an outer shell; this is known as atomic excitation. Or the electron can even break free from its associated atom's shell; this is ionization to form a positive ion. When an electron loses energy (thereby causing a photon to be emitted), then it can move to an inner shell which is not fully occupied.
When forming ions, elements typically gain or lose the minimum number of electrons necessary to achieve a full octet. For example, fluorine has seven valence electrons, so it is most likely to gain one electron to form an ion with a 1- charge.
