Prior to the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, The Bill of Rights ( the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution) only applied to the Federal government. This meant that states were not obliged to adopt the Amendments and the laws that came as a result of them.
After the Civil War ended, the Fourteenth Amendment was created and ratified, the Bill of Rights was now applicable not only to federal courts but also to state ones. This meant that citizens were now more protected, as federal and states obligations are the same in most cases.
Answer:
Americans have different ideals of what is valuable for a better life.
The correct answer is D) violence.
Berger suggests that violence is the ultimate foundation of any political state.
Peter Berger is an important sociologist developed important research can be found in his books "Invitation to Sociology: a Humanistic Perspective," "The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge," and "The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion."