Animals are often individually consistent in their behavior, not only over time, but also across different functional contexts. Recent research has focused on phenotypic and evolutionary mechanisms explaining such personality differences through selection. Parasitism and predation induce important mortality and fitness costs, and are thus main candidates to create and maintain personality differences in the wild. Here, we present data on the behavioral consistency of the Eurasian minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) from two populations that live in different tributaries of the same river, but whose ecological environment differs fundamentally with regard to predation and parasitism. We experimentally demonstrate that individual minnow in both study populations are consistent in their boldness and activity. However, the two study populations differ notably: in the high predation and parasitism risk population fish show higher mean boldness, but tend to be less active than fish in low predation and parasitism risk population. Parasite (Diplostomum phoxini) load was negatively, but not statistically significantly, associated with fish activity level. Our study suggests that parasitism and predation are likely important agents in the ecology and evolution of animal personalities.
✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* *:･ﾟ✧*:･ﾟ✧
Hello!
✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* *:･ﾟ✧*:･ﾟ✧
❖ The second type of cells is Eukaryotic.
~ ʜᴏᴘᴇ ᴛʜɪꜱ ʜᴇʟᴘꜱ! :) ♡
~ ᴄʟᴏᴜᴛᴀɴꜱᴡᴇʀꜱ
Answer:
Extrusive igneous rock is formed by the crystallization of magma release after volcanic eruption at the Earth surface. They are characterized by fine grained textures because of rapid cooling they do not form large crystals. Extrusive rocks with fine grained textures are called aphanitic rocks. The most common extrusive igneous rock is basalt. Other examples include rhyolite, andesite and obsidian. Extrusive igneous rocks erupt quickly and they form small crystals. Some of these rocks cools slowly that they form glass. These rocks includes andesite, basalt, dacite, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite, scoria and tuff.
The common characteristic of extrusive igneous rock is the b. forms crystals
Rapid cooling of magma produces small crystal rocks.
The statement is True.
Dyspnea has a multi-factorial origin, resulting from bronchospasm or vasospasm, disturbances in pulmonary circulation, immobility or diminished respiratory excursion of the diaphragm, atelectasia and/or pulmonary infarction, anoxia, or impairment of cardiac function.
Dyspnea, chest pain, and cough are the most frequent symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism(PE), while fever, tachycardia, abnormal pulmonary signs, and peripheral vascular collapse are the most common physical findings.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blood clot gets stuck in an artery in the lung, blocking blood flow to part of the lung. Blood clots most often start in the legs and travel up through the right side of the heart and into the lungs. This is called deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Clot in the lung circulation (pulmonary embolus): Breathlessness is usually sudden and associated with rapid breathing and may be accompanied by chest pain.
To learn more about Pulmonary Embolism(PE) here
brainly.com/question/4541755
#SPJ4
