Answer:
Option A, The Rutherford experiment proved the Thomson "plum-pudding" model of the atom to be essentially correct.
Explanation:
Thomson's plum pudding model:
Plum pudding model was proposed by J.J Thomson. In Thomson's model, atoms are proposed as sea of positively charge in which electrons are distributed through out.
Result of Rutherford experiment:
As per Rutherford's experiment:
Most of the space inside the atom is empty.
Positively charge of the atom are concentrated in the centre of the atom known as nucleus.
Electrons are present outside the nucleus and revolve around it.
As it is clear that, result of Rutherford experiment did not supported the Thomson model.
Taking into account the scientific notation, the result of the subtraction is -4.20689×10⁻².
<h3>Scientific notation</h3>
Scientific notation is a quick way to represent a number using powers of base ten, where the numbers are written as a product:
a×10ⁿ
where:
- a is a real number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10, to which a decimal point is added after the first digit if it is a non-integer number.
- n is an integer, which is called an exponent or an order of magnitude. Represents the number of times the comma is shifted. It is always an integer, positive if it is shifted to the left, negative if it is shifted to the right.
<h3>Subtraction in scientific notation</h3>
When the numbers to be added do not have the same base 10 exponent, the base 10 power with the highest exponent must be found. In this case, the highest exponent is -2.
Then all the values are expressed as a function of the base 10 exponent with the highest exponent. In this case: 3.11×10⁻⁵= 0.00311×10⁻²
Taking the quantities to the same exponent, all you have to do is subtract what was previously called the number "a". In this case:
0.00311×10⁻² - 4.21×10⁻²= (0.00311 - 4.21)×10⁻²= -4.20689×10⁻²
Finally, the result of the subtraction is -4.20689×10⁻².
Learn more about operations in scientific notation:
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Answer:
See below
Step-by-step explanation:
heat gained by metal + heat lost by water = 0
m₁C₁ΔT₁ + m₂C₂ΔT₂ = 0
C₁ = -(m₂C₂ΔT₂)/(m₁ΔT₁)
The factors determining C₁ are
- mass of water
- temperature change of water (T_f - Ti)
- mass of metal
- temperature change of metal (T_f - Ti)
Any factor that makes the numerator higher or the denominator lower than what you thought, will give a calculated C₁ that is too high (and vice versa).
The major sources of uncertainty are probably in determining the temperatures, especially the initial and final temperatures of the metal. However, you will have to decide what the principal factors were in your experiment.
For example, did the metal have a chance to cool during the transfer to the calorimeter? How easy was it to determine the equilibrium temperature, etc?
Factors Affecting the Calculation of Specific Heat Capacity
<u> Too Low </u> <u> Too high </u>
Water Water
Mass less than thought Mass more than thought
Ti lower Ti higher
T_f higher T_f lower
Metal Metal
Mass more than thought Mass less than thought
Ti higher Ti lower
Physical change can change a substance by affecting the form of a chemical change.
Examples of physical changes:
Something cut (Paper)
Molded (Bread)
Boiled (Water)
Mixed (Berries and strawberries)
HOPE THIS HELPS YOU! ^_^
Explanation:
The hydrological cycle is the continuous cycling of water between land, open water surfaces and the sea. This cycle begins with evaporation, sunlight evaporates water from the surface of earth, next condensation happens, the water absorbed is now used to form clouds, after these clouds are filled to the maximum, precipitation happens, this can be in the form of rainfall and snow, this cycle finalizes when the precipitation of water runs off the land and back into water sources.
Sources of water pollution:
- <em>During precipitation: </em>Smog can be gathered in the atmosphere, during precipitation this pollution can turn into acid rain.
- <em>During runoff:</em> After acid rain hits the ground this polluted water can run into water sources (lakes, rivers, reservoirs).To some extent rivers are a self-renewing resource, if a small quantity of pollution discharges in it the river can return to a clean, unpolluted condition, unfortunately, if the pollution is too big the renewing won't be possible, another problem is even though rivers get cleaned the pollution moves to the seas. Lakes are even more vulnerable to pollution, the flushing effect in these water bodies is less evident than in rivers.
I hope you find this information useful and interesting! Good luck!
