This triangle is a 30 - 60 - 90 triangle. Unlike in 45 - 45 - 90 triangles, the two legs are not the same. Good news is there's a nice pattern to remember it - and you can check it with the Pythagorean Theorem,
Short leg (opposite 30 degree angle) = 1 unit
Long leg (opposite 60 degree angle) = √3 units
Hypotenuse (opposite 90 degree angle) = 2 units.
If you know one side, the other two can be found by making proportions or scaling up/down. Order is not important - instead knowing the pattern.
We know that the long leg is 12. To go from the long leg to the short leg, we divide by √3. This helps us find x.
x = 12 / √3
= 12 √3 / √3 √3 to rationalize radicals
= 12√3 / 3
= 4√3
To go from the short leg to the hypotenuse, we double the short leg.
2 * 4√3 = 8√3.
Thus, x = 4√3 and y = 8√3.
