Bone Marrow Therapy and Core Blood Stem Cells Therapy are treatments which are most likely effective for ill patients. Bone Marrow Therapy is used for patients who has leukemia and bone marrow illnesses. While Core Blood Stem Cells is used for blood diseases as for now.
<h2>b) option is correct </h2>
Explanation:
- Some bacterial toxins cause disease by altering the activity of G protein, cholera toxin is one of them
- Cholera toxin catalyse ADP ribosylation of Gs and blocks GTPase activity thus Gs GTP become permanently active
- Constitutive activation of Gs protein continuously induce adenylyl cyclase, cytosolic cAMP level rises that leads to activation of protein kinase A (pKA)
- Activated pKA catalyse phosphorylation of two transmembrane proteins of intestinal epithelial cells:
- CFTR cause excessive outflow of Cl- ion and Na+ H+ exchange cause efflux of Na+ ion, both enters in gut and form Na+ Cl-
- Na+Cl- leads to outflow of water from the gut, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration and this condition may cause death of organisms due to loss of water and ions
Answer:
Metaphase (mitosis) and metaphase I ( Meiosis)
Explanation:
In a diploid organism, the chromosomes are present in pair called homologous pair which has to be distributed in the cells during the cell division cycle.
The distribution of the chromosomes in a cell is observed in four subphases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
The homologous chromosomes when are found in a condensed form and are present in the centre of the cell or at the equatorial plate is known as the metaphase.
In case of mitosis since the division takes place in one cycle, therefore, metaphase is the phase whereas in meiosis since the division takes place in two-cycle, therefore, metaphase I is correct as during the metaphase II the chromatids are present at the centre.
