<span>I believe in this instance you would be profiling them. You would be examining their behavior to see if there is anything to suggest that they might actually commit a dangerous act. This would be something that a detective or police officer would do.</span>
I’m pretty sure it’s the first one
The preclearance requirement was included in the Voting Rights Act to ensure that states that had previously restricted the political participation of minorities could not use redistricting for partisan gain and against the interest of minority groups.