The answer to this item is the first choice, MOLECULES. The molecules are the smallest particles of both the compounds and even the biatomic elements. They are made up of atoms that are being held together through chemical bonds of different types depending on the type of atoms that shared the electrons.
ΔT= T (solvet freezing point)-T (solution) =T(water freezing point)-T(solution)
ΔT =0⁰C - T(solution)
ΔT=

molality =(number mol solute)/kg solvent = 0.31mol/0.175 kg =(0.31/0.175)m
K(f water)=1.86⁰C/m
ΔT=1.86⁰C/m*(0.31/0.175)m=3.29⁰C
T(solution) =0⁰C - 3.29⁰C =3.29⁰C
D represents ion-dipole forces that are stronger than the force C.
Explanation:
D represents the ion-dipole force.
C represents the H-bonding forces.
ion-dipole force is a force that is due to electrostatic attraction and has a dipole between an ion and a neutral molecule.
It is electrostatic in nature.
A hydrogen bond is the force between the hydrogen with the electro negative atom of one molecule, to electro negative atom of some other molecule. such as: O, F, N
Ion dipole force is stronger than the H-bonding.
the answer is B. Atmosphere