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Nina [5.8K]
3 years ago
5

Nicolas has autistic disorder and is mute. A therapist working with Nicolas initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he

made a sound with his lips. This slowly changed until Nicolas only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words, and eventually only for saying complete sentences. In this example, Nicolas developed speech skills through the use of _________.
English
1 answer:
garri49 [273]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Shaping

Explanation:

In psychology, shaping refers to the process of reinforcing successively closer and closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior.

Shaping has different stages:

  1. Reinforce any response that in some way resembles the desired behavior.
  2. Reinforce the response that closely approximates the desired behavior
  3. Reinforce the response that resembles the terminal behavior even more closely.
  4. Continue reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the terminal behavior
  5. Reinforce only the terminal behavior.

As you can see shaping starts by reinforcing any response that resembles the desired terminal behavior and then it finishes by reinforcing only the terminal behavior.

In this example, <u>the therapist initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips</u>. Then <u>he only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words</u>. Finally, <u>he would get the chocolate for saying complete sentences. </u>

Thus, this is an example of shaping, since the reinforcements where changing as the behavior got closer and closer to the terminal desired behavior.

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Rewrite the following sentence to eliminate cliches, jargon, and redundant language.
Viefleur [7K]

Answer:

1. It would appear that a large number of houses were damaged after the flood.

2. In my opinion, we have to deal with the problem right now and get the most of it while we have a chance.

3. If we fail to act, the fact is that the riverbanks will continue to keep eroding unless we do something.

Explanation:

To rewrite these sentences we need to know what are the definitions of cliche, jargon, and redundant language.

Cliche is an expression that has been so overused that it has become boring and unoriginal.

Jargon is a literary term of special words and phrases that are used by a particular group of people, especially in their work.

Redundant language is the repetition of the same idea or item of information within a phrase, clause, or sentence (tautology).

1. it would appear that a large number of houses were damaged subsequent to the flood.

Jargon - <u>subsequent to</u>. Instead, we can use the word <u><em>after</em></u><u>.</u>

It's better to write:

It would appear that a large number of houses were damaged after the flood.

2. i think that in my opinion we have a chance to really take the bull by the horns and make hay while the sun shines.

<u>I think that in my opinion</u> - redundant language.

Cliche - <u>to really take the bull by the horns, and make hay while the sun shines.</u>

Also, the word <u>really</u> is redundant here.

It's better to write:

In my opinion, we have to deal with the problem now and get the most of it while we have a chance.

3. if we fail to act, the true fact is that the riverbanks will continue to keep eroding unless we do something.

Redundant language -  <u>the true fact. </u>True fact creates a tautology.

It's better to write:

If we fail to act, the fact is that the riverbanks will continue to keep eroding unless we do something.

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Is there a pic or should I just give you an example?
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The following lines that is an example of personification is:

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Personification is the literary technique that is used to give human qualities to an inanimate object.

Some examples of personification is:

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  • "The ocean waved at the boys"

According to the given answer choices, we can see that a building which is an inanimate object is said to have stopped working, which is a human attribute.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C

Read more here:

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