Answer/Explanation:
DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for replicating DNA. It is hugely important that is performs its functions accurately, as if incorrect bases are incorporated this can lead to mutations that disrupt the structure and function of genes. It adds nucleotides in a 5' - 3' direction only.
DNA polymerase III also has high processivity, which means that for every time it binds DNA, it is able to add many bases before it becomes dissociated.
A. DNA polymerase avoids the incorporation of improperly paired nucleotides in two ways:
- The first way depends on the structure of the enzyme. If the nucleotide that the enzyme is in the process of adding is not complementary to the template, then the nucleotide will not align with the template, and thus it is more inefficient to add. This inefficiency means the nucleotide is more likely to leave the active site before it is added, and DNA polymerase can replace it with the correct nucleotide.
- It also has proofreading capabilities. This means, when an incorrect base is added, it recognises the error and can fix this. It can do this because it possesses 3'-5' exonuclease activity. That means, it can chop out incorrectly added bases.
B. Ribonucleotides are the nucleotides that are incorporated into a growing RNA molecule. They are different from deoxyribonucleotides because of the differences in the sugar backbone (ribose vs deoxyribose). Their incorporation would disrupt the structure and function of the DNA, leading to problems with transcription and replication.
DNA polymerase avoids incorporating these nucleotides primarily because of the structure of the enzyme. Ribonucleotides cannot fit into the active site of DNA polymerase due to what is called a "steric filter" or "steric gate". This gate/filter function is performed by specific amino acid residues which usually have a bulky side chain and thus block the incorporation of the 2'OH of the ribose sugar (which is lacking in the deoxyribose sugar)
Answer:
1. chemical to light
2. sunlight to chemical
3. wind to mechanical
4. chemical to light and heat
Explanation:
Answer:
Boiling point.
Explanation:
This is because when water boils, it is changing from a liquid to a gas. This is a state change/physical change.
I hope I helped!
The organelle in a plat cell which carries out the process of photosynthesis is the chloroplast. The mitochondria in cells is where cellular respiration takes place and the cell well is what provides structure, support, and protection for the cell.
Answer:
2.Biotic factors are dependent on abiotic factors for food and protection.
3.Abiotic factors affect the type and number of organisms that live in a particular ecosystem.
Explanation:
An ecosystem is an environment that contains both living and non-living parts that actively interacts together.
The living part of the ecosystem is the biotic factors and the non-living parts are the abiotic factors.
- The biotic components actively depends on the abiotic component for nourishment.
- This is exemplified through the process of photosynthesis.
- Also, the shelter of organisms are derived from the abiotic factors.
- The abiotic factors have significant impact on the type and number of organisms that live in an ecosystem.
