Answer:
New force,
Explanation:
The electrostatic force between two spheres is given by :
According to given condition, each of the spheres has lost half its initial charge, new force is given by :
So, the new force becomes (1/4)th of the initial force. Hence, the correct option is (d).
Answer:
b) the refracted ray has an angle of 90 degrees
Explanation:
The angle of incidence is measured with respect to the normal separation of the media. The critical angle for total internal reflection occurs is:
Here and
are the refractive index of the mediums. This equation is an application of Snell's law, for the case where the refracted ray has an angle of
.