Biotic. A term that describes a living or once-living organism in an ecosystem. (Have a good day!)
Answer:
Let the land lie fallow for a season
Explanation:
In Agriculture when a farmer has some problems with the quality of his soil due to continued planting all year round without allowing the soil rest, there seems to be loss of some of the nutrients that help crops grow and he is unable to grow crops on his field.
The best option is to allow the land low fallow with grasses and other plants growing and replenishing the soil.
Yes, this will be a silent mutation.
Explanation:
The mutation which occurred in the human insulin gene where the first codon was changed to CCG will be a silent codon because this will not change the sequence of the amino acid and the amino acids formed will remain the same.
A silent mutation occurs due to base substitutions resulting in a change in the nucleotide that does not impact the amino acid or protein formed once the mRNA is translated. The protein will retains its functional aspects.
In the case of the muscular cramps, the muscle contraction starts with the generation of the action potentials from the brain. The action potential causes the release of the calcium ions movement out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (storage site of calcium). The calcium released in this process causes the contraction of the myofibrils with the help of the ATP molecules. Meanwhile, the calcium is pumped back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum through the fast calcium pumps.
The contraction of one muscle cell generate the action potential in neighboring muscle cells. When the generation of the action potential is stopped, the sarcoplasmic reticulum relaxes as well as the muscle is relaxed. The fast calcium pump is powered by a sodium gradient, and the calcium influx is a result of fast outflux of the sodium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
In case, the sodium ion is less, the calcium pumps cannot be powered, the calcium ion would remain in myofibril, as a result, the muscle would be contracted for a longer time and this result in cramps. The muscle in this case, would be relaxed by the ATP instead of sodium gradient. So, it can be concluded that the muscle cramps are caused when the muscles are not able to relax properly.
