Answer:
Part a)
V = 18.16 V
Part b)

Part c)
P = 672 Watt
Part d)
V = 5.84 V
Part e)

Explanation:
Part a)
When battery is in charging mode
then the potential difference at the terminal of the cell is more than its EMF and it is given as

here we have



now we have

Part b)
Rate of energy dissipation inside the battery is the energy across internal resistance
so it is given as



Part c)
Rate of energy conversion into EMF is given as



Now battery is giving current to other circuit so now it is discharging
now we have
Part d)



Part e)
now the rate of energy dissipation is given as



The greater the cross-sectional area of an object, the greater the amount of air resistance it encounters since it collides with more air molecules. ... It will have to accelerate for a longer period of time before there is enough upward air resistance to balance the downward force of gravity.
I think that the shopping cart full of groceries has more inertia because it is the one with more tendency to do nothing or be still.
I think it is D. I hope this helps