The pH of stomach is important as it helps to induce the digestive enzyme called pepsin. The presence of HCL i.e., hydrochloric acids in stomach results in the pH of stomach to become acidic which range from 1.5 to 6.5 values.
<h3>What is the pH level of stomach?</h3>
When the bolus enters the stomach, it aids the release of gastric juice having enzymes, mucous and HCL.
The upper and lower parts of stomach have varying pH values. Upper part has a pH of 4−6.5, while the lower part is with a pH of 1.5−4.0 which is highly acidic due to HCL.
Thus, the relative pH of stomach is acidic ranging from value 1.5 to 6.5.
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Founders' effect type of genetic drift occurs from adaptive radiation. thus option A is true.
<h3>What is genetic drift?</h3>
Genetic drift is an evolutionary process in which the frequency of a given gene allele varies randomly across a population.
The founder effect, which happens when a small group of people splits off from a larger population to form a colony, is yet another extreme illustration of drift.
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Answer:
B. 1/2 and 1/4
Explanation:
Hemophilia is a rare disease that has to do with the inability for blood to clot. It is inherited on the X chromosome, hence, it is said to be X-linked. It is usually passed from mother to son. According to this question;
X - unaffected X chromosome
x = X chromosome affected by hemophilia
Y = Y chromosome
Therefore, in a cross between a Xx female (carrier) and a XY male (unaffected), the following chromosomes will be present in the gametes produced by each parent:
Xx- X and x gametes
XY- X and Y gametes
Using these gametes in a punnet square (see attached image), offsprings with genotypes: XX, Xx, XY and xY will be possibly produced.
XX (1) - unaffected female
Xx (1) - unaffected but carrier female
XY (1) - unaffected male
xY (1) - affected male (have hemophilia)
Based on the questions;
- 2 out of the possible 4 children will have the affected chromosomes i.e. both xY son and Xx daughter have the affected (x) chromosome. Hence, the fraction is 1/2
- 1 out of the 4 possible children is affected by hemophilia, which is the xY son. Hence, the fraction is 1/4.