The hypothesis is that salt water freezes faster than fresh water.
The dependent variable is time taken for ice to appear.
The independent variable is presence or absence of salt
The constants are the amount of water in each tray, freezing conditions and length of time of exposure to freezing condition.
The control group is the tray to which salt was not added
The experimental group is the tray to which salt was added
The presence of solutes in a solution causes the freezing point depression.
A solution is made up of a solute and a solvent. In the presence of a solute, the freezing point of a pure solvent is decreased. This is because freezing point is a colligative property.
Colligative properties depend on the amount of solute present.
Hence, the pure water freezes faster (ice begin to appear earlier) than the salt water.
The hypothesis put forward in this experiment was found to be invalid by the experiment.
For more about colligative properties, see
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acids give away protons (H+), bases accept protons, conjugate bases are what u get when when you take the protons from the acid, and conjugate acids are what u get when you add the protons to the base.
so for (a) the C5H5N is the base, water is the acid, C5H5NH+ is the conj acid, OH- is the conj base
(b) HNO3 is the acid, H2O is the base, hydronium ion is the conj. acid, NO3- is the conj base.
To calculate the new pressure, we can use Boyle’s law to relate these two scenarios (Boyle’s law is used because the temperature is assumed to remain constant). Boyle’s law is:
P1V1 = P2V2,
Where “P” is pressure and “V” is volume. The pressure and volume of the first scenario is 215 torr and 51 mL, respectively, and the second scenario has a volume of 18.5 L (18,500 mL) and the unknown pressure - let’s call that “x”. Plugging these into the equation:
(215 torr)(51 mL) =(“x” torr)(18,500 mL)
x = 0.593 torr
The final pressure exerted by the gas would be 0.593 torr.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
D. Increase in UV radiation
Explanation:
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