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3 years ago

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A star with the same mass and diameter as the sun rotates about a central axis with a period of about 24.0 days. Suppose that th

e sun runs out of nuclear fuel and collapses to form a white dwarf star with a diameter equal to that of the earth. Assume the star acts like a solid sphere and that there is no loss of mass in the process. You will need some data from the inside front cover of you text. (a) What would be the new rotation period (s) of the star? (b) What is the ratio of final to initial kinetic energies (Kf /Ki)?

1 answer:

Mila [183]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

a) w = 2.52 10⁷ rad / s, b) K / K₀ = 1.19 10⁴

Explanation:

a) We can solve this exercise using the conservation of angular momentum.

Initial instant. Before collapse

L₀ = I₀ w₀

Final moment. After the collapse

L_f = I w

angular momentum is conserved

L₀ = L_f

I₀ w₀ = I w (1)

The moment of inertia of a sphere is

I = 2/5 m r²

we take from the table the mass and diameter of the star

m = 1,991 10³⁰ kg

r₀ = 6.96 10⁸ m

r = 6.37 10⁶ m

to find the angular velocity let's use

w = L / T

where the length of a circle is

L = 2π r

T = 24 days (24 h / 1 day) (3600 s / 1h) = 2.0710⁶ s

we substitute

w = 2π r / T

wo = 2π 6.96 10⁸ / 2.07 10⁶

wo = 2.1126 10³ rad / s

we substitute in equation 1

w = $\frac{I_o}{I}$

w = 2/5 mr₀² / 2/5 m r² w₀

w = ( $\frac{r_o}{r}$ ) ² wo

w = (6.96 10⁸ / 6.37 10⁶) ² 2.1126 10³

w = 2.52 10⁷ rad / s

b) the kinetic energy ratio

K = ½ m w²

K₀ = ½ m w₀²

K = ½ m w²

K / K₀ = (w / wo) ²

K / K₀ = 2.52 10⁷ / 2.1126 10³

K / K₀ = 1.19 10⁴

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A 129-kg horizontal platform is a uniform disk of radius 1.61 m and can rotate about the vertical axis through its center. A 65.

LUCKY_DIMON [66]

Answer:

Moment of inertia of the system is 289.088 kg.m^2

Explanation:

Given:

Mass of the platform which is a uniform disk = 129 kg

Radius of the disk rotating about vertical axis = 1.61 m

Mass of the person standing on platform = 65.7 kg

Distance from the center of platform = 1.07 m

Mass of the dog on the platform = 27.3 kg

Distance from center of platform = 1.31 m

We have to calculate the moment of inertia.

Formula:

MOI of disk = $\frac{MR^2}{2}$

Moment of inertia of the person and the dog will be mr^2.

Where m and r are different for both the bodies.

So,

Moment of inertia $(I_y_y )$ of the system with respect to the axis yy.

⇒ $I_y_y=I_d_i_s_k + I_m_a_n+I_d_o_g$

⇒ $I_y_y=\frac{M_d_i_s_k(R_d_i_s_k)^2}{2} +M_m(r_c)^2+M_d_o_g(R_c)^2$

⇒ $I_y_y=\frac{129(1.61)^2}{2} +65.7(1.07)^2+27.2(1.31)^2$

⇒ $I_y_y=289.088\ kg.m^2$

The moment of inertia of the system is 289.088 kg.m^2

7 0

3 years ago

A DJ starts up her phonograph player. The turntable accelerates uniformly from rest, and takes t1 = 11.9 seconds to get up to it

Degger [83]

Answer:

a) $\omega_1=8.168\,rad.s^{-1}$

b) $n_1=7.735 \,rev$

c) $\alpha_1 =0.6864\,rad.s^{-2}$

d) $\alpha_2=4.1454\,rad.s^{-2}$

e) $t_2=1.061\,s$

Explanation:

Given that:

initial speed of turntable, $N_0=0\,rpm\Rightarrow \omega_0=0\,rad.s^{-1}$

full speed of rotation, $N_1=78 \,rpm\Rightarrow \omega_1=\frac{78\times 2\pi}{60}=8.168\,rad.s^{-1}$

time taken to reach full speed from rest, $t_1=11.9\,s$

final speed after the change, $N_2=120\,rpm\Rightarrow \omega_2=\frac{120\times 2\pi}{60}=12.5664\,rad.s^{-1}$

no. of revolutions made to reach the new final speed, $n_2=11\,rev$

(a)

∵ 1 rev = 2π radians

∴ angular speed ω:

$\omega=\frac{2\pi.N}{60}\, rad.s^{-1}$

where N = angular speed in rpm.

putting the respective values from case 1 we've

$\omega_1=\frac{2\pi\times 78}{60}\, rad.s^{-1}$

$\omega_1=8.168\,rad.s^{-1}$

(c)

using the equation of motion:

$\omega_1=\omega_0+\alpha . t_1$

here α is the angular acceleration

$78=0+\alpha_1\times 11.9$

$\alpha_1 = \frac{8.168 }{11.9}$

$\alpha_1 =0.6864\,rad.s^{-2}$

(b)

using the equation of motion:

$\omega_1\,^2=\omega_0\,^2+2.\alpha_1 .n_1$

$8.168^2=0^2+2\times 0.6864\times n_1$

$n_1=48.6003\,rad$

$n_1=\frac{48.6003}{2\pi}$

$n_1=7.735\, rev$

(d)

using equation of motion:

$\omega_2\,^2=\omega_1\,^2+2.\alpha_2 .n_2$

$12.5664^2=8.168^2+2\alpha_2\times 11$

$\alpha_2=4.1454\,rad.s^{-2}$

(e)

using the equation of motion:

$\omega_2=\omega_1+\alpha_2 . t_2$

$12.5664=8.168+4.1454\times t_2$

$t_2=1.061\,s$

4 0

3 years ago