Answer:
D) arbitrary inference
Explanation:
Arbitrary inference: In psychology, the term arbitrary inference refers to a form of cognitive bias whereby an individual quickly draws a specific conclusion about something in the absence of any requisite evidence. It was developed by Aaron T. Beck during 1979 and is considered to be a tenet of cognitive therapy.
In the question above, the cognitive distortion involved is an arbitrary inference.
Well a levee are things like dams and so it would help settlement if they were to start running out of water they could build a levee and run the water to where ever they needed it.
The research error described above is an example of selection bias.
Selection bias takes place when, from a population of interest, a group of individuals is selected in order to construct a sample but without a proper randomization. The result is a sample which is not representative of the underlying population.
According to the example, the target population of the research comprises all students but the sample only includes boys. Hence, selection has not been random because it followed a gender criteria, and the results obtained using it cannot be applicable to the whole population because they are affected by a selection bias.
