Question

For questions 1-10, fill in the blank with the letter of the description that best matches the term. Descriptions A. A type of neuron that sends information away from the central nervous system to muscles or glands B. A type of neuron that sends information from the sensory receptors toward the central nervous system C. Long fibers that carry signals away from the cell body D. The fatty material surrounding some axons E. Short, highly branched fibers that carry signals toward the cell body F. Gaps in the myelin sheath G. The space between two cells H. A type of neuron that sends information between sensory and motor neurons I. The reversal of the electrical potential in the plasma membrane of a neuron J. A type of chemical released from the tip of an axon into the synaptic cleft when a nerve impulse arrives 1. Axon (1 point) 2. Dendrite (1 point) 3. Synaptic cleft (1 point) 4. Efferent neuron (1 point) 5. Myelin sheath (1 point) 6. Neurotransmitter (1 point) 7. Afferent neuron (1 point) 8. Node of Ranvier (1 point) 9. Action potential (1 point) 10. Interneuron (1 point)

Answer 1

1) A - 4
A type of neuron that sends information away from the central nervous system to muscles or glands - Efferent neuron. The main characteristic for this type of neuron is that its axon conducts motor impulses outwards right from the brain (possibly spinal) cord.
2)  B-7

A type of neuron that sends information from the sensory receptors toward the central nervous system is afferent neuron. This type of neuron is also known as sensory neurons. Its function is to convert a particular stimulus, through the receptors, in other words - to process the sensory transduction.
3) C-1

Long fibers that carry signals away from the cell body are called axon. The main function of axon is to conduct electrical impulses outwards from the neuron's cell body. Keep in mind that each nerve cell has one axon, and its dimensions can be over a foot long. As a result of transmitting signals from axon nerve, nerve cells communicate with each other.
4) D-5

The fatty material surrounding some axons is called myelin sheath. Myelin sheath plays one of the most important parts in functioning of the nervous system. It is a white fatty layer that is placed around the axon of some nerve cells and its function is to form an electrically insulating layer.

5) E-2

Short, highly branched fibers that carry signals toward the cell body are called dendrites. They are projections of a neuron, to be more exact they are extensions of the cytoplasm of a neuron. They are needed to propagate the electrochemical stimulation which the cell body received from some neural cells.

6) F-8

Gaps in the myelin sheath are called Node of Ranvier. They are simply known as myelin-sheath gaps, and they are spaces between the myelin coating on the neuron's axon. What about their function: they serve to support the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.

7) G-3

The space between two cells is called synaptic cleft. Sometimes it is called synaptic gap because it is actually a minute gap between presynaptic cell and postsynaptic cell that takes place during a chemical synapse.  When a synapse is formed, nerve impulse is transmitted.

8) H-10

A type of neuron that sends information between sensory and motor neurons is called interneuron. Interneuron is responsible for communication between sensory or motor neurons and the CNS. The center of their functioning is placed in reflexes (neuronal oscillations).

9)  I-9

The reversal of the electrical potential in the plasma membrane of a neuron is called action potential. It is a process of a short-term change that occurs in the electrical potential on the surface of a cell, as a response to stimulation. Eventually it leads to the transmission of a nerve impulse that moves across the cell membrane.

10) J-6
A type of chemical released from the tip of an axon into the synaptic cleft when a nerve impulse arrives is neurotransmitter. It is also known as chemical messengers, that are responsible for enabling neurotransmission. Their main function is to transfer signals across a chemical synapse from one nerve cell to another one.