All you need to do is to look at both sides of the equation and see who has the same element, state, coefficient, and charge and those will be your spectator ions.
In this question, the spectator ions would be
and
.
Hdrogyen? Dont take my word on that
Answer: The fraction of the bonding that is ionic is 0.08875.
Explanation:
Percentage ionic character is calculated using the formula:
% ionic character =![[16\times \Delta E_N + 3.5\times (\Delta E_N)^2]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5B16%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20E_N%20%2B%203.5%5Ctimes%20%28%5CDelta%20E_N%29%5E2%5D)
Where,
= electronegativity difference
Given : The electronegativities for Ga and P are 1.6 and 2.1 respectively.
Thus
= electronegativity of phosphorous - electronegativity of galium = 2.1 -1.6 = 0.5
Therefore,
%ionic character = ![[16\times 0.5 + 3.5\times (0.5)^2]=8.875](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5B16%5Ctimes%200.5%20%2B%203.5%5Ctimes%20%280.5%29%5E2%5D%3D8.875)
Fraction of ionic bond =
The fraction of the bonding that is ionic is 0.08875.