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yarga [219]
2 years ago
13

Consider the evidence that explains how physical separation of two populations of a species can cause speciation. What effect do

es physical separation have on organisms that might result in speciation?
Biology
1 answer:
Tom [10]2 years ago
4 0

Answer:

  • Interruption in the genetic flow between separated groups
  • The emergence of new mutations in each of the groups, and their accumulation in time. Slow and gradual differentiation between populations.
  • Genetic divergence by natural selection and reproductive isolation
  • Prezigotic isolation mechanisms

Explanation:

Allopatric speciation consists of the geographic separation of a continuous genetic background that can give place to two or more new geographically isolated populations. These separations might be due to migration, extinction of geographically intermediate populations, or geological events. In this speciation, some barriers impede genetic interchange, or genetic flux, as the two new groups that are separated can not get together and mate anymore. These barriers might be geographical or ecological.

The process of allopatric speciation involves different steps that affect organisms:

  • The emergence of the barrier.
  • Interruption in the genetic interchange
  • The occurrence of new mutations and their accumulation in time in each population. Slow and gradual differentiation.
  • Genetic divergence by natural selection and reproductive isolation makes it impossible for the two groups to mate even if the barrier disappears.
  • Prezigotic isolation mechanisms will be favored by selection if occurs a secondary contact between the new species in formation.
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You are studying a biochemical pathway in the mold Neurospora where enzyme 1 converts the initial substrate into intermediate su
solmaris [256]

Complete question:

You are studying a biochemical pathway in the mold Neurospora where enzyme 1 converts the initial substrate into intermediate substrate A; enzyme 2 converts intermediate substrate A into intermediate substrate B; enzyme 3 converts intermediate substrate B into intermediate substrate C; and enzyme 4 converts intermediate substrate C into the end product, an amino acid that is essential for growth. You isolate a mutant that is unable to grow on minimal media. Which data would provide the strongest support for the hypothesis that this mutation occurred in the gene that codes for enzyme 2?

a. The mold can grow on rich medium plus intermediate substrate C, but not on rich medium plus intermediate substrate B.

b. The mold can grow on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate B, but not on minimal medium plus the initial substrate.

c. The mold can grow on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate B, but not on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate A.

d. The mold can grow on rich medium plus intermediate substrate D, but not on rich medium plus intermediate substrate C.

e. The mold can grow on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate A, but not on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate C.

Answer:

c. The mold can grow on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate B, but not on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate A.

Explanation:

Let us first diagram the pathway for a better understanding.

The normal organism produces four enzymes that convert substrates in the medium that allow it to survive, grow, and reproduce.  

initial substrate ------------> A ----------------> B ----------------> C ----------------> AA

                           <em>Enzyme 1       Enzyme 2        Enzyme 3         Enzyme 4</em>

Any mutation on the Neurospora´s enzymes will not let the organism grow on the minimal medium because it will not be able to convert the minimal substrate into the following one, because the mutated enzyme will not accomplish its original function.

  • So if the mutation occurs in enzyme 1, the organism will <em>not be able to convert the initial substrate into intermediate substrate A</em>. And the rest of the reaction will not be possible either because of the lack of substance A.

initial substrate -----X----> A -------X-----> B ------X--------> C ------X-------> AA

          <u> </u><u><em>mutated Enzyme 1 </em></u><em>      Enzyme 2       Enzyme 3        Enzyme 4</em>

<em />

  • If the mutation occurs in enzyme 2, the organism will <em>not be able to convert the intermediate substrate A into intermediate substrate B</em>. And the rest of the reaction will not be possible either because of the lack of substance B.

initial substrate ------------> A -------X--------> B -------X------> C --------X-----> AA

                           <em>Enzyme 1   </em><em>mutated Enz. 2</em><em>     Enzyme 3         Enzyme 4</em>

<em />

  • If the mutation occurs in enzyme 3, the organism <em>will not be able to convert the intermediate substrate B into intermediate substrate C</em>. And the last reaction will not be possible either because of the lack of substance C.

initial substrate ------------> A ----------------> B -------X--------> C -------X------> AA

                           <em>Enzyme 1       Enzyme 2     </em><u><em>mutated Enz. 3</em></u><em>     Enzyme 4</em>

<em />

  • And if the mutation occurs in enzyme 4, the organism <em>will not be able to convert the intermediate substrate C into the essential amino acid</em>.

initial substrate ------------> A ----------------> B ----------------> C -------X-------> AA

                           <em>Enzyme 1       Enzyme 2        Enzyme 3      </em><u><em>Mutated Enz. 4</em></u>

<u><em /></u>

But, if we artificially add to the medium the substrate that should be produced by the original enzyme (and that is not converted because of the mutation), then the organism will grow and survive because the other enzymes will be able to produce the essential amino acid.

So, if enzyme 2 is the only enzyme mutated, the organism will not be able to live in a medium with substrate A because the mutated enzyme will not convert the substrate A into B. There will <em>not be B substrate in the medium, and the other enzymes will not produce the essential amino acid</em>. So if the mutation occurs in enzyme 2, substrate A is useless to the organism because it will not survive.

But if we add the intermediate substrate B to the medium, the organism will survive. In a medium with substrate B, all the other reactions will be possible, and the organism will get the essential amino acid. The artificial addition of B substrate will replace the function of the original enzyme 2 -which is the one that converts A into B-.

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Mitochondria can be described as
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A. "power plant" that provides energy for cells

The food we eat is brought to the mitochondria and broken down. Once it gets broken down the mitochondria converts the food into ATP

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Which sentence describes an example of sublimation
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The common example of sublimation is shrinking of ice cubes that are not used in the freezer and conversion of dry ice rapidly into wispy clouds which vanish very soon
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2 years ago
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Please help me!! 15 points!!!!!
Karolina [17]

Image 1.1 -

Stomata are little moth-like structures in leaves, that, when open, allow the exchange of gases between the plant and the exterior.

Answer:

B.

Image 1.2 -

Without the existance of stomata, the process of transpiration wouldn't be possible if there weren't structures thata allowed the exchange of gases.

Answer:

A.

Image 2 -

So, we can elminate plants because they can photosynthesise; bacteria because they are prokaryotes and can photosynthesise; archaea because they are prokaryotes; hat leaves us with animals and fungi because these cannot photosynthesise and are both eukaryotes.

But, we cannot skip information. It is also said that the organism found has a cell wall, and animals do not have cell walls.

Answer:

C.

Image 4 -

Option 1 = cilia

Option 2 = flagella

Option 3 = pseudopods

Option 4 = pili (they're a meant to attacht to surfaces only bacteria)

Image 5 -

Runner stems are those that grow horizontally, therefore the fourth image with the long horizontal stems.

Rhizome stems are underground stems that can form roots or shoots through their nodes. Therefore, the third image with white background (the one with 2 drawn plants).

Tuber stems are large underground (mostly) structures used as storages for the plant. Therefore, this corresponds to the first image (the one with the white background.

Bulb stems are short and "bulby" stems, whith thick, leaves. Therefore, the second image (the one with the grass background).

Hope it helped,

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3 years ago
In a population of field mice, favorable traits in the mice are likely to _______ over time, and unfavorable traits are likely t
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<span>In a population of field mice, favorable traits in the mice are likely to INCREASE over time, and unfavorable traits are likely to DECREASE over time.

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