Hi! Do you still need help! If so I would be more than glad to help!
The more electronegative an atom is, the more strength it has to pull electrons closer to itself. If one atom is highly electronegative and the other is barely electronegative then an ionic bond will form. If one is highly electronegative and the other is slightly electronegative, then a polar covalent bond will form. If they are both the same electronegativity then a nonpolar covalent bond will form.
Answer: FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION separation method
Explanation:
The process by which esters are synthesized involves the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. During this process, an excess of one of the reactants which is carboxylic acid is used. This helps to increase the rate of the chemical reaction thereby moving the equilibrium constant of the reaction towards the products.
Excess carboxylic acid mixed with the product of the reaction which is an ester can be separated using FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION separation method. This is a separation method that is used for separation of liquids with close boiling points. Example include components of petroleum, alcohol and water solutions, mixture of esters and carboxylic acids.
The process involves the introduction of a fractionating column between a flask and a condenser. The flask, which contains the impure mixture to be separated, is heated. The vapour of the liquids move into the fractionating column and they are cooled by the glass surface. The liquid with the higher boiling point (less volatile) condenses and falls back into the flask. While the one with the lower boiling point ( more volatile) distils over into the condenser and is collected as the first distillate. The esters has lower boiling point than carboxylic acids, therefore they are collected as the first distillate.
