Answer:
d. less than 100% of the energy captured from sunlight is transformed into potential energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient and then into potential energy in the form of covalent bonds
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is process utilized by plants, several bacteria and protists to convert the light energy to chemical energy. So they utilize the photosynthesis as the powerhouse for the energy production. Heterotrophs like human that cannot synthesize their own food, use this converted form of energy by autotrophs.
During the light reaction of photosynthesis the photons from light are absorbed by photosystem I and II. These photons excites the electrons which flow through the electron transport chain from higher potential to lower potential. These electrons release the energy while moving from higher potential to lower potential which is utilized by H+ pump to pump the H+ to lumen of plastids from stroma and of course not the 100% energy is utilized some of the energy dissipates. . So this process causes the accumulation of high potential H+ ions across the membrane. These H+ ions are utilized for the production of ATP by ATP synthase complex when they flow back to lower potential across the membrane through ATP synthase complex.
The ATP and NADPH produced from light reaction are utilized to combine carbon molecules during dark reaction. The covalent bond is used to combine the carbon molecules and we know that combining carbon molecules stores energy in the form of covalent bond.
In addition to chloride, there are other negatively charged molecules in plasma. The extra sodium restores the balance of the overall negative charges.
So this is how plasma is electrically neutral.
<h3>The makeup of bodily fluids:</h3>
- High levels of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and protein can be found in the plasma.
- High levels of salt, chloride, and bicarbonate but a relatively low level of protein can be found in the IF.
- The ICF, on the other hand, contains higher levels of protein, phosphate, magnesium, and potassium.
<h3>What occurs when the
plasma Na+ content rises?</h3>
- Although the plasma sodium concentration does not provide any information regarding the volume of extracellular fluid, it does allow for an assumption regarding intracellular volume.
- A rise in plasma sodium (plasma osmolality) causes water to be drawn out of the cell, which causes the intracellular volume to decrease.
<h3>Why does
plasma have a
higher sodium content than
chloride?</h3>
- In plasma, sodium predominates over chloride.
- In addition to chloride, there are other negatively charged molecules in plasma.
- The extra sodium restores the balance of the overall negative charges.
To learn more about plasma charge visit:
brainly.com/question/22196626
#SPJ4
The first step in sequencing of DNA into a protein is called transcription. Transcription refers to transcribing a strand of DNA to a single strand of messenger rNA or mRNA. The mRNA is then modified (removal of introns, splicing of exons, adding the 5' cap and the poly-A tail, etc) then transported to the nucleus. The second step is called translation. Translation is refers to translating the mRNA strand into its corresponding amino acid based on codon sequences.
Answer:
natural selection would be the answer
Explanation:
That means that some of the animals would survive.
