Answer:
wow false that is all i can give u
Explanation:
Answer:
3. Antibody-independent pathways of complement activation rely on complement components that directly bind to microbial surfaces.
Explanation:
There are three pathways of complement activation:
- The classical pathway.
- The alternative pathway.
- The lectin pathway.
The classical pathway is triggered by binding of C1 either to the pathogen surface or to antibody bound to the pathogen.
The alternative pathway is triggered by the spontaneous hydrolysis of soluble C3 to C3(H₂O) and initiates eventual deposition of C3 convertase on microbial surfaces.
The lectin pathway is triggered by the binding of mannose-binding lectin or ficolins to carbohydrate residues in microbial cell walls and capsules.
Answer: if there were no decomposers in an ecosystem then, wastes and the remains of dead organisms would pile up and the nutrients within the waste and dead organisms would not be released back into the ecosystem.
Explanation:
Answer:
distal convoluted tubule
Explanation:
This is the region of the nephron downstream the macula densa ,which extends the to convulence of the collecting duct.Due to response to mineralocoticoid aldosterone they can be categorised as Distal Convoluted 1 and Distal convoluted 2. This steroid hormones is responsible for homeostatic control of hyperkalemia.
The DCT cells are simple cuboidal epithelium.The stained or pointed part of the image represented this possess this shape,they are therefore portion of DCT. Besides the stained cells are located above the glomerulus ()in the cortex as indicated,therefore they can not be the proximal which must be below the glomerulus, based on the shape ascending and descending loop of Henle (despite located in the cortex too).
The functions of the DCT is in the absorption and secretions of ions(majorly ca+,Na+ and chloride ions.By secreting hydrogen and reabsorbing HC03 ions ,the pH of the urine is maintained.