During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ______light_____, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from ______NADH/FADH₂_______.
<h3>What are the steps in photosynthesis?</h3>
- The first step in photosynthesis is the absorption of light by chlorophyll bound to chloroplast thylakoid proteins. The absorbed light energy is used to remove electrons from electron donors such as water to form oxygen.
- The electrons are then transferred to the primary electron acceptor, quinine (Q.). Electrons are further transferred from the primary electron acceptor to the final electron acceptor (usually NADP⁺).
- Proton transfer from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma via the F₀F₁ complex generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
- The NADP and ATP produced in steps 2 and 3 provide the energy, and the electrons power the process of reducing the carbon to a six-carbon sugar molecule.
The first three steps of photosynthesis, are directly dependent on light energy and are thus, called light reactions, while the reactions in the last step are independent of light and thus are termed dark reactions.
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Answer:
1. When a rubbed ruler is brought close to the paper, salt and pepper they are not equally attracted as paper is lighter than pepper and salt, so it takes less effort for paper to overcome the force of gravity.
2. electrostatic induction is a phenomenon in which static electricity is generated in an object by bringing an electrically charged object near it. When a charged object is brought near to an uncharged body it causes electrical charges to redistribute in the body, resulting one side having excess of positive charges and other side having negative charges, as a result body become charged. Electrostatic interaction also depends upon the nature and mass of body.
b. the combination of fur cloth and rubbed ruler produce greatest effect. The reason is that when ruler is brought near to fur excess of electron will flow into fur.
It be like that sometimes
