Radiation, Chemical agents and viruses may all cause C. Generic Mutations.
<span>The effective nuclear charge of an atom = total electrons - inner electrons
For O, ENC = 8 - 2 = 6
For Li, ENC = 3 - 2 = 1
For C, ENC = 6 - 2 = 4
The electrons in O experience the greatest effective nuclear charge and that is why O is smaller than C (which is smaller than Li).</span>
