Answers:
a) carcinogenic
b) anti-carcinogenic
c) carcinogenic
d) carcinogenic
e) carcinogenic
f) anti-carcinogenic
g) anti-carcinogenic
h) anti-carcinogenic
Explanation:
Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression through the cell cycle, i.e., the transition of G1 to S phase. It is well known that high cyclin expression may lead to cell proliferation states, which is closely associated with cancer progression. Moreover, the blockage of cyclins may have an anti-carcinogenic effect by inhibiting the progression through the cell cycle. MAP kinases are serine/threonine kinases that regulate the progression through the cell cycle by phosphorylating a variety of substrates during cell proliferation. In consequence, phosphatases that inactivate MAPK kinases (i.e., by dephosphorylation) may have an anticarcinogenic effect. The p53 is a tumor suppressor protein involved in diverse cellular processes including DNA repair, cycle arrest and programmed cell death. This protein (p53) is activated by phosphorylation at target residues and phosphatases inactivate it, thereby the blockage of its degradation may have an anticarcinogenic effect. Oncogene activation (i.e., the expression of oncogenes), may alter diverse cellular processes including DNA replication, and thereby may lead to cancer development. The G-protein α subunit is a GTPase that hydrolyses GTP and thus has a major role in controlling the kinetics of the G-protein signaling cascade. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) are kinase receptors that play roles in regulating cellular differentiation, cell proliferation and cell growth. PDGFR receptors are present on the surface of normal cells, however, it has been shown that mutations of the PDGFR genes that lead to their high expression lead to uncontrolled cell growth and consequently cause cancer (i.e., by increasing PDGF signaling).
D. seems the most probable since plastic is barely biodegradable.
Answer:
out of
into
Explanation:
As pressure exerts force, Hydrostatic pressure is a type of force that occurs in fluid e.g (interstitial fluids) on the walls of the capillary. The helps to carry fluid-like materials out of the tissue capillary. There are quite bunch of relative factors affecting the hydrostatic pressure which include; the liquid density and distance beneath the liquid surface,force of gravity.
On the other hand, The protein osmotic pressure difference between capillary fluid and interstitial fluid normally favors movement of fluid into a tissue capillary. This protein substances consist of albumin, plasma protein etc. From our knowledge of osmosis as well, we knew it is the movement of substances through a semi-permeable membrane from the region of higher concentration to a lower concentration. Therefore the protein osmotic pressure bring about movement of fluid like substances into the tissue capillary.
Answer:The hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic association of prokaryotes—endosymbiosis—is particularly well supported by studies of mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are thought to have evolved from bacteria living in large cells.
Explanation:
Answer:
In order, from least complex to most complex:
cells.
tissues.
organs.
organ systems.
organism.
Explanation:
