I believe the answer is: A. conditioned stimulus
The conversion is being done by pairing the neutral stimulus with a specific outcome. In pavlov experiment, this being done by blowing a whistle before giving the dogs their food.
In the beginning, the whistle is a neutral stimulus that does not give any effecy to the dog. But overtime, hearing the whistle make the dog automatically salivated. When this happen, the neutral stimulus has become a conditioned stimulus.
It’s a condition that causes inflammation of the external ear canal, which is the tube between the outer ear and eardrum.
The best answer in here is Leadership. That is what a captain does. Remember that leadership is: the action of leading a group of people or an organization, or the ability to do this. And this is shown here in this example. Hope this works for you
By air pollution from its exhaust, global warming and petrol.