Answer:
C₁₀H₁₆O
Explanation:
Molecular formula can be determined from parent peak by using rule of thirteen.
Rule of Thirteen:
First divide the parent peak value by 13 as,
= 152 ÷ 13
= 11.69
Now, multiply 13 by 11,
= 13 × 11 (here, 11 specifies number of carbon atoms)
= 143
Now subtract 143 from 152,
= 152 - 143
= 9
Add 9 into 11,
= 9 + 11
= 20 (hydrogen atoms)
So, the rough formula we have is,
C₁₁H₂₀
Now, add one Oxygen atom to above formula and subtract one Carbon and 4 Hydrogen atoms as these numbers are equal to atomic mass of Oxygen atom as,
C₁₁H₂₀ -------O--------> C₁₀H₁₆O
Calculate Hydrogen deficiency index as,
HDI = (2x + 2 - y) / 2
where,
x = C atoms
y = H atoms
HDI = [2(10) + 2 - 16] / 2
HDI = (20 + 2 - 16) / 2
HDI = (22-16) / 2
HDI = 6 / 2
HDI = 3
It means, Camphor contains 1 double bond and two rings. As, HDI of double bond is 1 and HDI of one ring is 1.
<span>These are two questions and two answers.
</span>
<span>Question 1) The elements most likely to form more than one type of ion are the ______.
</span>
<span>Answer: option A) transition metals.
</span><span>Jusitification:</span>
<span>
1) The elements form ions by gaining or losing electrons. By gaining electrons, theY form anions (negative iones); by losing electrons, they form cations (positive ions).
</span>
<span>2) The valence shell of the akaly metals is the type ns¹, which means that they have one electron in the valence shell. Then, they only can form one kind of ion which has the configuration of the previous noble gas (n-1)s²(n-1)p⁶ with 1+ charge.
</span>
<span>3) The halogens have valence shell of the type ns²np⁵. That means that easily gain 1 electron to complete the valence shell ns²np₆ (the configuration of the next noble gas), with charge 1-. Gaining 5 electrons or losing more electrons than 1 is very disfavourable, so that is the only kind of ion they form.
</span>
<span>4) The valence shells of alkaline earth metals are of the kind ns². So, the most favourable energetic ion is formed by losing 2 electrons and so taking the configuration of the previous noble gas, with charge 2+. That is the only type of ion they form.
</span>
<span>5) Transition metals have electrons in the orbitals d, which are very similar in energy, and so they might loose 1, 2, or 3, electrons fo form ions with charges 1+, 2+, or 3+ respectively.
</span>
<span>Question 2) The name iron(II) indicates that a compound contains _______.</span>
<span>
A) iron ions with an II+ charge.
</span><span>B) iron ions with a 2+ charge.
</span>
C) iron ions with a negative charge.
<span>D) two types of iron ions.
</span>
Answer: option <span>B) iron ions with a 2+ charge.
</span><span>
</span><span>
</span><span>The oxidation state may be indicated as Roman numerals, in this case II, or as a conventional number with its charge.
</span><span>
</span><span>Iron, a transition metal, may loose 2 or 3 valence electrons. When it loses 2 electrons it forms an ion (cation) with positive charge 2. So, it is iron 2+</span>
Answer:
D. atomic mass unit
Explanation:
A unified atomic mass unit is used for measuring atomic mass.
Answer:
0.2 M is the concentration of the resulting solution
Explanation:
M is a unit for concentration which means mole of solute in 1L of solution.
According to the received information, we have 4 g in 500 mL of solution.
In 0.5L we have 4 g of solute
In 1L we have (1 .4)/0.5 = 8 g of solute
Let's convert the mass in mole
Mass / Molar mass = Mole
Molar mass NaOH = 40 g/m
8g / 40 g/m = 0.2M