Halogens
Explanation:
Halogens are a group of non-metals located in the seventh group on the periodic table. The will only gain one electron during a chemical reaction.
- Halogens have a seven electrons in their outermost shell.
- To complete the number of electrons in this shell, they need to gain an additional electron.
- One more electron makes the halogen similar to the corresponding noble gas which is very stable.
- Halogens are very reactive groups of elements and are highly electronegative.
- They have a high affinity for electrons.
- These elements are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and Astatine.
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Gas, as the particles have the most energy, and thus move the most.
Answer:
Region B, because the pressure inside the cylinder is equal to the vapor pressure of water at 80∘C when both liquid and gas phases are present.
Explanation:
As expansion occurs, liquid water evaporates reversibly, holding the pressure constant at the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at 80∘C(0.47atm) 80∘C (0.47 atm). When all of the liquid has evaporated, the pressure drops and follows the ideal gas law.
The attraction of inter-molecular forces between molecules is defined by a general term "Van der Waals forces". It is the weak interactions caused by momentary changes in electron density in a molecule.
Inter-molecular forces that are present between hydrogen atom which is bonded to highly electronegative atom (
) and the lone pair electrons present in the other molecule on these electronegative atoms is known as hydrogen bonding.
The type of interactions between methane, 
is Van der Waals interactions whereas in water, 
is hydrogen bonding.
Since, the hydrogen bond is stronger than the Van der Waals forces so, it results in higher strength between the molecule possessing hydrogen bonding. Thus, molecules possessing hydrogen bonds will have higher boiling point than the molecules which possess Van der Waals forces.
Hence, water () have a significantly higher boiling point than methane ( ) because water molecules are attracted to one another by hydrogen bonds.
