Answer:

Explanation:
Given:
- quantity of point charge,

- radial distance from the linear charge,

- linear charge density,

<u>We know that the electric field by the linear charge is given as:</u>



<u>Now the force on the given charge can be given as:</u>



It is D, you can not replace minerals. This makes them valuable.
In series circuit, Req = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + ···
In parallel circuit, 
<h3>Q7.</h3>
total resistance in the upper branch = R₂ + R₃ = R₂ + 2


R₂ + 2 = 12
R₂ = 10Ω
<h3>Q8.</h3>


Req = 1.7Ω
A beam of laser is directed at a reflecting surface put on the moon when the beam of laser is reflected a receiver on the each measure the time since the beam was sent till it was received. Laser is simply light so it has constant velocity in vacuum ~ air (c = 3 x 10^8 m/s)
to find the distance:
t : time measured between launching the beam and receiving it
d : distance
d = ct
Answer:
Atom, smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles.
an element is a pure substance which cannot be broken down by chemical means