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MArishka [77]
3 years ago
8

How did scientists solve the nitrogen problem?

Chemistry
1 answer:
taurus [48]3 years ago
3 0

Unfortunately, we have not fully solved the 'nitrogen problem'. To do this, we must halve the amount of nitrogen we dump into the environment by mid-century or our ecosystems will face epidemics of toxic tides, lifeless rivers, and dead oceans. And that to do that will require, among other things, almost doubling the efficiency of nitrogen use on the world’s farms.

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A surface wave is a combination of what two waves
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transverse wave and a longitudinal wave

Hope it helps have a blessed day!:)


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3 years ago
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A solution contains 0.0440 M Ca2 and 0.0940 M Ag. If solid Na3PO4 is added to this mixture, which of the phosphate species would
Olenka [21]

Answer:

C. Ca_3(PO_4)_2  will precipitate out first

the percentage of Ca^{2+}remaining =  12.86%

Explanation:

Given that:

A solution contains:

[Ca^{2+}] = 0.0440 \ M

[Ag^+] = 0.0940 \ M

From the list of options , Let find the dissociation of Ag_3PO_4

Ag_3PO_4 \to Ag^{3+} + PO_4^{3-}

where;

Solubility product constant Ksp of Ag_3PO_4 is 8.89 \times 10^{-17}

Thus;

Ksp = [Ag^+]^3[PO_4^{3-}]

replacing the known values in order to determine the unknown ; we have :

8.89 \times 10 ^{-17}  = (0.0940)^3[PO_4^{3-}]

\dfrac{8.89 \times 10 ^{-17}}{(0.0940)^3}  = [PO_4^{3-}]

[PO_4^{3-}] =\dfrac{8.89 \times 10 ^{-17}}{(0.0940)^3}

[PO_4^{3-}] =1.07 \times 10^{-13}

The dissociation  of Ca_3(PO_4)_2

The solubility product constant of Ca_3(PO_4)_2  is 2.07 \times 10^{-32}

The dissociation of Ca_3(PO_4)_2   is :

Ca_3(PO_4)_2 \to 3Ca^{2+} + 2 PO_{4}^{3-}

Thus;

Ksp = [Ca^{2+}]^3 [PO_4^{3-}]^2

2.07 \times 10^{-33} = (0.0440)^3  [PO_4^{3-}]^2

\dfrac{2.07 \times 10^{-33} }{(0.0440)^3}=   [PO_4^{3-}]^2

[PO_4^{3-}]^2 = \dfrac{2.07 \times 10^{-33} }{(0.0440)^3}

[PO_4^{3-}]^2 = 2.43 \times 10^{-29}

[PO_4^{3-}] = \sqrt{2.43 \times 10^{-29}

[PO_4^{3-}] =4.93 \times 10^{-15}

Thus; the phosphate anion needed for precipitation is smaller i.e 4.93 \times 10^{-15} in Ca_3(PO_4)_2 than  in  Ag_3PO_4  1.07 \times 10^{-13}

Therefore:

Ca_3(PO_4)_2  will precipitate out first

To determine the concentration of [Ca^+] when  the second cation starts to precipitate ; we have :

Ksp = [Ca^{2+}]^3 [PO_4^{3-}]^2

2.07 \times 10^{-33}  = [Ca^{2+}]^3 (1.07 \times 10^{-13})^2

[Ca^{2+}]^3 =  \dfrac{2.07 \times 10^{-33} }{(1.07 \times 10^{-13})^2}

[Ca^{2+}]^3 =1.808 \times 10^{-7}

[Ca^{2+}] =\sqrt[3]{1.808 \times 10^{-7}}

[Ca^{2+}] =0.00566

This implies that when the second  cation starts to precipitate ; the  concentration of [Ca^{2+}] in the solution is  0.00566

Therefore;

the percentage of Ca^{2+}  remaining = concentration remaining/initial concentration × 100%

the percentage of Ca^{2+} remaining = 0.00566/0.0440  × 100%

the percentage of Ca^{2+} remaining = 0.1286 × 100%

the percentage of Ca^{2+}remaining =  12.86%

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gulaghasi [49]

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The strength of a bond between two atoms increases as the number of electron pairs in the bond increases.

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dog!

this is because the first energy comes from plants bc they can make their own food— therefore, energy :)
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