I'm not going toblie I'm stuck with A and B.
But to me my gut says A
the kinetic energy is the same as the canoes weight times its speed times the force of gravity.
The mantle has a mass of around
that is around 68.4% of earth's mass.
So to calculate moles we need to first find out the mass of oxygen and silicon present in mantle. It is given that oxygen is 44.8% by mass in mantle and 21.5% by mass in mantle, therefore to calculate its mass, we need to use 
Now, to calculate mass percentage of oxygen


Similarly the mass of silicon can be calculated

Now, the moles of any substance is calculated by


where, mass of oxygen in kilograms is 
So,
Similarly 

Now, to calculate mole ratio we need to divide every moles to the lowest calculated mole that is the moles of Si and round it off to the nearest whole number.





Answer: specific heat is the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount