Answer:
a) 
b) entropy of the sistem equal to a), entropy of the universe grater than a).
Explanation:
a) The change of entropy for a reversible process:


The energy balance:
![\delta U=[tex]\delta Q- \delta W](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cdelta%20U%3D%5Btex%5D%5Cdelta%20Q-%20%5Cdelta%20W)
If the process is isothermical the U doesn't change:
![0=[tex]\delta Q- \delta W](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=0%3D%5Btex%5D%5Cdelta%20Q-%20%5Cdelta%20W)


The work:

If it is an ideal gas:


Solving:

Replacing:


Given that it's a compression: V2<V1 and ln(V2/V1)<0. So:

b) The entropy change of the sistem will be equal to the calculated in a), but the change of entropy of the universe will be 0 in a) (reversible process) and in b) has to be positive given that it is an irreversible process.
Answer:Hence, the bond length in HCl is 125 pm.
Explanation:
Bond length : It is an average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule.
Also given that bond length is the distance between the centers of two bonded atoms. on the potential energy curve, the bond length is the inter-nuclear distance between the two atoms when the potential energy of the system reaches its lowest value. Beyond this if atoms come closer to each other then their will be repulsion between them.
So, the bond length between the Hydrogen and Chlorine atom in HCl molecule is :

Hence, the bond length in HCl is 125 pm.
It is topsoil, subsoil, and parent material
Answer:
A) The number of atoms in a grain of iron is most similar to the number of meters between Earth and Vega.
The options attached to the question are missing, but out of the numbers presented in the options, 10¹⁷ is closest to 10¹⁸.
B) The mass of a grain of iron is approximately (9 × 10⁻⁵) g
Explanation:
The options attached to the question are missing, after searching online, the image of the question was obtained, but it won't be attached to this solution in order not to violate the community guidelines and lead to deletion of answer.
But, out of the numbers presented in the options, 10¹⁷ is closest to 10¹⁸, hence, the number of atoms in a grain of iron is most similar to the number of meters between Earth and Vega.
The second part of the question asks for the approximate mass of a grain of iron.
1 atom of iron has a mass of (9 × 10⁻²³) g
1 grain of iron has about (1 × 10¹⁸) atoms of iron.
So, the mass of a grain of iron = (9 × 10⁻²³) × (1 × 10¹⁸) = (9 × 10⁻⁵) g
Hope this Helps!!!
Chemical science deals with mater like compound mater