The answer is b. all of her sons will inherit the allele for hemophilia.
Hemophilia is X-linked recessive disorder. It is known that there are two X chromosomes (one from a mother and one from a father) in females and one X chromosome (from the mother) and one Y chromosomes (from the father) in males. In females, X-linked recessive disorder has the same pattern of inheritance as an autosomal recessive disorder.So, if xh is recessive and xH is dominant allele, a mother which has xhxh genotype has the condition (so, c is not the right answer). Further, if a father has no condition, thus his genotype is xHy, their daughters will be carriers but without the condition (so, the choice a could be right only if we know that the father has hemophilia too (xhy). Therefore, since the mother (xhxh) will give her x chromosome to her sons, they will all inherit the allele for hemophilia, and choice b. is the right answer.
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One of the worst blood malignancies, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), causes close to a quarter of a million fatalities annually throughout the world. Despite genetic heterogeneity, all AMLs share two connected characteristics: inhibited differentiation and strong proliferation potential. In spite of substantial advancements in our knowledge of the molecular and genetic causes of AML, the chemotherapy regimens used to treat AMLs have remained virtually constant over the past 30 years. The involvement of two biological functions—metabolism and epigenetics—in the onset and progression of AML will be discussed in this review, and research indicating a therapeutic relationship between them will be highlighted.
Metabolic regulation
Metabolic regulation is a term used to describe the process by which metabolic pathways (both the anabolic/biosynthetic and catabolic/degradative pathways) are regulated in mammals. Living organisms need to generate energy continuously to maintain cellular processes and functions.
To learn more about metabolic regulation refer here:
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Blood groups are inherited from our biological parents in the same way as eye colour and other genetic traits
Кръвните групи се наследяват от нашите биологични родители по същия начин като цвета на очите и други генетични черти
Explanation:
the answer is initiation, elongation, and termination
The correct answer is option B and C, that is, they do not share similar stimulus characteristics and include a restricted number of stimuli.
An arbitrary stimulus class refers to predecessor stimuli, which induce the similar reaction, however, they do not share relational feature and do not resemble each other in physical form. For example, cheese, peanuts, chicken breasts, and coconut milk are the members of an arbitrary stimulus class if they induce the response, that is, sources of protein.