Scientists can tell this by looking at seismic waves released by earthquakes. ( if you need me to elaborate more ask)
Explanation:
It is given that,
Mass of the ball, m = 0.06 kg
Initial speed of the ball, u = 50.4 m/s
Final speed of the ball, v = -37 m/s (As it returns)
(a) Let J is the magnitude of the impulse delivered to the ball by the racket. It can be calculated as the change in momentum as :

J = -5.24 kg-m/s
(b) Let W is the work done by the racket on the ball. It can be calculated as the change in kinetic energy of the object.


W = -35.1348 Joules
Hence, this is the required solution.
If the ball does not have a propeller or jet engine on it, then it is an object
in free fall. That means its downward speed grows by 9.8 m/s for every
second that it's in the air.
If it happens to be traveling upward at the moment, then that won't last long.
Its upward speed is decreasing by 9.8 m/s every second. It will eventually
run out of upward gas and start moving downward. At that instant, you might
say that the direction of its velocity has changed by 180 degrees.
Answer:
12N to the right.
Explanation:
There is a force of 12N upwards and a force of 12N downwards: these cancel out.
Assign a negative value to forces towards the left, and a positive value to the forces towards the right: -3N and +15N
Combine them: -3N+15N = 12N
The net force has a magnitude of 12N, and since our answer was positive, it acts towards the right.
(3) 8.3 N/kg. The gravitational field strength at a point is the force per unit mass exerted on a mass placed at that point. So at the point where the Hubble telescope is, it is (9.1 x 10^4)N/(1.1 x 10^4 kg) = 8.3 N/kg
Fam