The atomic number (Z) uniquely identifies a chemical element. In an uncharged atom, the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons.
The atomic number, Z, should not be confused with the mass number, A, which is the number of nucleons, the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
In this video Kristine Born explains this two concepts in more detail.
Answer:
Explanation:
Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu ( copper gets reduced )
Cu → Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ ( copper gets oxidized )
Oxidation:
Oxidation involve the removal of electrons and oxidation state of atom of an element is increased.
Reduction:
Reduction involve the gain of electron and oxidation number is decreased.
Consider the following reactions.
4KI + 2CuCl₂ → 2CuI + I₂ + 4KCl
the oxidation state of copper is changed from +2 to +1 so copper get reduced.
CO + H₂O → CO₂ + H₂
the oxidation state of carbon is +2 on reactant side and on product side it becomes +4 so carbon get oxidized.
Na₂CO₃ + H₃PO₄ → Na₂HPO₄ + CO₂ + H₂O
The oxidation state of carbon on reactant side is +4. while on product side is also +4 so it neither oxidized nor reduced.
H₂S + 2NaOH → Na₂S + 2H₂O
The oxidation sate of sulfur is -2 on reactant side and in product side it is also -2 so it neither oxidized nor reduced.
Answer is: solution A has 2,57 time greater pH value than solution B.<span>
</span>Concentration of [H⁺] in solution A is than 370x.
pH = -log[H⁺].
pH(solution A) = -log(370x).
pH(solution b) = -log(x).
pH(solution A) / pH(solution B) = -log(370x) / -log(x).
pH(solution A) / pH(solution B) = 2,57.
Thermodynamically favored process are those processes that do not require any assistance from outside the system e.g water boils at 25 degrees. Thermodynamically unfavored processes require assistance from outside to induce the required change for example water doesn't freeze at 15 degrees and therefore for that to happen several factors in the system have to be modified to achieve this. Therefore, there is a possibility of companies to produce product by using thermodynamically unfavored process by inducing changes in the system to achieve desired change or modification.
